Peer-Reviewed

1. 

   SegBuilder: A Semi-Automatic Annotation Tool for Segmentation

   Md Alimoor Reza, Eric Manley, Sean Chen, Sameer Chaudhary, Jacob Elafros
   Proceedings: Proceedings of the Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)
   Date: 2025 Feb | Pages: 8483-8492

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX ABSTRACT CODE READ MORE

   Reza, M. A., Manley, E., Chen, S., Chaudhary, S., & Elafros, J. (2025). SegBuilder: A Semi-Automatic Annotation Tool for Segmentation. Proceedings of the Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 8483–8492.

   @inproceedings{reza_wacv2025,
     author = {Reza, Md Alimoor and Manley, Eric and Chen, Sean and Chaudhary, Sameer and Elafros, Jacob},
     title = {SegBuilder: A Semi-Automatic Annotation Tool for Segmentation},
     booktitle = {Proceedings of the Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)},
     month = feb,
     year = {2025},
     pages = {8483-8492},
   }
   

   This paper addresses the problem of image annotation for segmentation tasks. Semantic segmentation involves labeling each pixel in an image with predefined categories, such as sky, cars, roads, and humans. Deep learning models require numerous annotated images for effective training, but manual annotation is slow and time-consuming. To mitigate this challenge, we leverage the Segment Anything Model (SAM) – a vision foundation model. We introduce SegBuilder, a framework that incorporates SAM to automatically generate segments, which are then tagged by human annotators using a quick selection list. To demonstrate SegBuilder’s effectiveness, we introduced a novel dataset for image segmentation in underwater environments featuring animals such as sea lions, beavers, and jellyfish. Experiments on this dataset showed that SegBuilder significantly speeds up the annotation process compared to the publicly available tool, Label Studio. SegBuilder also includes a free-form drawing tool, allowing users to create correct segments missed by SAM. This feature is particularly useful for scenes with shadows, camouflaged objects, and part-based segmentation tasks where SAM falls short. Experimentally, we demonstrated SegBuilder’s efficacy in these scenarios, showcasing its potential for generating pixel-wise annotations crucial for training robust deep learning models for semantic segmentation.
2. 

   Programming-Integrated Mathematics Learning for Future Elementary Teachers and non-STEM Majors

   Hyejin Park, Eric D. Manley
   Proceedings: Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)
   Date: 2024 Mar | Pages: 1014–1020

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX ABSTRACT

   Park, H., & Manley, E. D. (2024). Programming-Integrated Mathematics Learning for Future Elementary Teachers and non-STEM Majors. Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE), 1014–1020.

   @inproceedings{park_sigcse2024,
     address = {Portland, Oregon},
     author = {Park, Hyejin and Manley, Eric D.},
     booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)},
     pages = {1014--1020},
     month = mar,
     title = {Programming-Integrated Mathematics Learning for Future Elementary Teachers and non-{STEM} Majors},
     year = {2024},
   }
   

   With the rising emphasis on computer science (CS) education, many states, school districts, and schools have grappled with how to address computing in the K-12 curriculum. While some approaches dedicate classroom time to specific CS topics, others are attempting to infuse computing curriculum into other subjects like math and science. Preparing educators without prior CS experience to teach this integrated content is challenging. In this paper, we share programming-integrated mathematics learning (PML) modules that we developed to support teachers in learning to use programming in mathematics classrooms through argumentation. To test the effectiveness of the modules, we implemented them in a mathematics content course for elementary education majors and a mathematics pathway course for non-STEM majors. We assessed both courses as study contexts for evaluating potential PML modules to enhance teachers’ knowledge and students’ learning outcomes in mathematics and computer programming. This paper focuses on student-written reflections as data to investigate how education and non-STEM majors describe their learning through the PML modules. According to our analysis, the study participants found the PML modules to be useful in enhancing their understanding of mathematical concepts. They also described the value of learning programming in mathematics classrooms through argumentation, learning different perspectives, and helping each other understand. However, most of our student participants displayed a relatively low level of confidence in their programming abilities, specifically regarding the creation of text-based programs. Future study is needed to explore how to increase the programming self-efficacy while students learn mathematics through programming.
3. 

   Developing secondary mathematics prospective teachers’ confidence in using programming in mathematics classrooms: Benefits of the use of large language models

   Eric D. Manley, Hyejin Park
   Journal: AMTE Connections
   Date: 2024 | Vol: 34 | Issue: 1

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX ABSTRACT

   Manley, E. D., & Park, H. (2024). Developing secondary mathematics prospective teachers’ confidence in using programming in mathematics classrooms: Benefits of the use of large language models. AMTE Connections, 34(1).

   @article{manley_amteconnections2024,
     author = {Manley, Eric D. and Park, Hyejin},
     title = {Developing secondary mathematics prospective teachers’ confidence in using programming in mathematics classrooms: Benefits of the use of large language models},
     journal = {AMTE Connections},
     volume = {34},
     number = {1},
     year = {2024},
   }
   

   In this paper, we share our work with secondary prospective teachers (PSTs) to support their learning in integrating programming in mathematics classrooms. Our study shows the potential use of ChatGPT as an assistant tool to generate computer code, which could contribute to increasing PSTs’ openness to and confidence in incorporating programming into teaching mathematics. However, to support teachers’ judicious integration of ChatGPT-generated code in mathematics lessons, it is necessary to provide learning opportunities through which teachers can experience interpreting, revising, designing, and evaluating programs in mathematics learning contexts so they can build knowledge for teaching mathematics with programming.
4. 

   Using ChatGPT as a proof assistant in a mathematics pathways course

   Hyejin Park, Eric D. Manley
   Journal: Mathematics Education
   Date: 2024 | Vol: 63 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 139–163

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX ABSTRACT

   Park, H., & Manley, E. D. (2024). Using ChatGPT as a proof assistant in a mathematics pathways course. Mathematics Education, 63(2), 139–163.

   @article{park_jksme2024,
     title = {Using {ChatGPT} as a proof assistant in a mathematics pathways course},
     author = {Park, Hyejin and Manley, Eric D.},
     journal = {Mathematics Education},
     volume = {63},
     number = {2},
     pages = {139--163},
     year = {2024},
   }
   

   The purpose of this study is to examine the capabilities of ChatGPT as a tool for supporting students in generating mathematical arguments that can be considered proofs. To examine this, we engaged students enrolled in a mathematics pathways course in evaluating and revising their original arguments using ChatGPT feedback. Students attempted to find and prove a method for the area of a triangle given its side lengths. Instead of directly asking students to prove a formula, we asked them to explore a method to find the area of a triangle given the lengths of its sides and justify why their methods work. Students completed these ChatGPT-embedded proving activities as class homework. To investigate the capabilities of ChatGPT as a proof tutor, we used these student homework responses as data for this study. We analyzed and compared original and revised arguments students constructed with and without ChatGPT assistance. We also analyzed student-written responses about their perspectives on mathematical proof and proving and their thoughts on using ChatGPT as a proof assistant. Our analysis shows that our participants’ approaches to constructing, evaluating, and revising their arguments aligned with their perspectives on proof and proving. They saw ChatGPT’s evaluations of their arguments as similar to how they usually evaluate arguments of themselves and others. Mostly, they agreed with ChatGPT’s suggestions to make their original arguments more proof-like. They, therefore, revised their original arguments following ChatGPT’s suggestions, focusing on improving clarity, providing additional justifications, and showing the generality of their arguments. Further investigation is needed to explore how ChatGPT can be effectively used as a tool in teaching and learning mathematical proof and proof-writing.
5. 

   Getting Started with Large Language Models for the CS Curriculum

   Eric D. Manley
   Journal: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
   Date: 2024 | Vol: 39 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 116–117

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX READ MORE

   Manley, E. D. (2024). Getting Started with Large Language Models for the CS Curriculum. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 39(6), 116–117.

   @article{manley_ccsc2024workshop,
     title = {Getting Started with Large Language Models for the CS Curriculum},
     author = {Manley, Eric D.},
     journal = {Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     volume = {39},
     number = {6},
     pages = {116--117},
     year = {2024},
     publisher = {Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges},
   }
   

6. 

   Examining Student Use of AI in CS1 and CS2

   Eric D. Manley, Timothy Urness, Andrei Migunov, Md. Alimoor Reza
   Journal: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
   Date: 2024 | Vol: 39 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 41–51

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX ABSTRACT

   Manley, E. D., Urness, T., Migunov, A., & Reza, M. A. (2024). Examining Student Use of AI in CS1 and CS2. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 39(6), 41–51.

   @article{manley_ccsc2024,
     author = {Manley, Eric D. and Urness, Timothy and Migunov, Andrei and Reza, Md. Alimoor},
     journal = {Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     title = {Examining Student Use of {AI} in {CS1} and {CS2}},
     volume = {39},
     number = {6},
     pages = {41--51},
     publisher = {Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     year = {2024},
   }
   

   The launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 marked a seismic disruption to many disciplines and industries, including higher education. For the first time, students everywhere have widely available access to a Large Language Model (LLM) capable of generating content - including solutions to programming assignments in CS1 and CS2 - that can pass as the work of a high-achieving student while making traditional plagiarism-detection obsolete. This has spurred various responses in higher education, including a shift to more in-class and unplugged assessments. At the same time, LLMs are transforming the way that many people work, including professional software developers, and students similarly might be able to use them to enhance their learning. In this paper, we report on our experiences with a permissive policy towards the use of ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence (AI) tools for assisting students with their programming assignments in CS1 and CS2 courses in the Spring 2023 semester. Students were allowed to use these tools however they wished as long as they submitted a form which included a transcript of their chat and a reflection on what they learned, if anything, through the interaction. We found that students largely approached the AI in positive ways and that they seemed to genuinely learn from the experience. We also document some things that did not go well and that remain challenges to using AI in programming courses, along with our recommendations on how these might be dealt with in the future.
7. 

   Dash: An easy-to-use framework for building web applications and dashboards

   Eric D. Manley
   Journal: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
   Date: 2023 | Vol: 38 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 104–105

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX READ MORE

   Manley, E. D. (2023). Dash: An easy-to-use framework for building web applications and dashboards. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 38(6), 104–105.

   @article{manle_ccsc2023workshop,
     author = {Manley, Eric D.},
     journal = {Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     number = {6},
     pages = {104--105},
     publisher = {Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     title = {Dash: An easy-to-use framework for building web applications and dashboards},
     volume = {38},
     year = {2023},
   }
   

8. 

   Learning Lists and Dictionaries by Building Web Dashboards with Live Data

   Eric D. Manley
   Journal: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
   Date: 2023 | Vol: 38 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 95–97

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX READ MORE

   Manley, E. D. (2023). Learning Lists and Dictionaries by Building Web Dashboards with Live Data. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 38(6), 95–97.

   @article{manley_ccsc2023nifty,
     author = {Manley, Eric D.},
     journal = {Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     number = {6},
     pages = {95--97},
     publisher = {Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     title = {Learning Lists and Dictionaries by Building Web Dashboards with Live Data},
     volume = {38},
     year = {2023},
   }
   

9. 

   Easy Handwriting Recognition

   Eric D. Manley, Timothy Urness
   Journal: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
   Date: 2019 Apr | Vol: 34 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 103–105

   PDF CITATION BIBTEX READ MORE

   Manley, E. D., & Urness, T. (2019). Easy Handwriting Recognition. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 34(4), 103–105.

   @article{manley_ccsc2019,
     author = {Manley, Eric D. and Urness, Timothy},
     issn = {1937-4771},
     issue_date = {April 2019},
     journal = {Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     month = apr,
     number = {4},
     numpages = {3},
     pages = {103--105},
     publisher = {Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges},
     title = {Easy Handwriting Recognition},
     volume = {34},
     year = {2019},
   }
   

10. 

    Nifty Assignments

    Nick Parlante, Julie Zelenski, Baker Franke, Arvind Bhusnurmath, Karen Her, Kristen Gee, Eric Manley, Timothy Urness, Marvin Zhang, Brian Hou, John DeNero, Josh Hug, Kevin Wayne
    Proceedings: Proceedings of the ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)
    Date: 2016 Mar | Pages: 588-589

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX READ MORE

    Parlante, N., Zelenski, J., Franke, B., Bhusnurmath, A., Her, K., Gee, K., Manley, E., Urness, T., Zhang, M., Hou, B., DeNero, J., Hug, J., & Wayne, K. (2016). Nifty Assignments. Proceedings of the ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE), 588–589.

    @inproceedings{parlante_sigcse2016,
      address = {Memphis, Tennessee},
      author = {Parlante, Nick and Zelenski, Julie and Franke, Baker and Bhusnurmath, Arvind and Her, Karen and Gee, Kristen and Manley, Eric and Urness, Timothy and Zhang, Marvin and Hou, Brian and DeNero, John and Hug, Josh and Wayne, Kevin},
      booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)},
      month = mar,
      pages = {588-589},
      title = {Nifty Assignments},
      year = {2016},
    }
    

11. 

    LIPS: Learning Based Indoor Positioning System Using Mobile Phone-Based Sensors

    David Mascharka, Eric Manley
    Proceedings: Proceedings of the IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference
    Date: 2016 Jan | Pages: 975-978

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX CODE

    Mascharka, D., & Manley, E. (2016). LIPS: Learning Based Indoor Positioning System Using Mobile Phone-Based Sensors. Proceedings of the IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference, 975–978.

    @inproceedings{manley_ccnc2016,
      address = {Las Vegas, Nevada},
      author = {Mascharka, David and Manley, Eric},
      booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Consumer Communications \& Networking Conference},
      month = jan,
      pages = {975-978},
      title = {{LIPS}: Learning Based Indoor Positioning System Using Mobile Phone-Based Sensors},
      year = {2016},
    }
    

12. 

    Video-Based Instruction for Introductory Computer Programming

    Eric D. Manley, Timothy Urness
    Journal: Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
    Date: 2014 May | Vol: 29 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 221-227

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D., & Urness, T. (2014). Video-Based Instruction for Introductory Computer Programming. Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 29(5), 221–227.

    @article{manley_ccsc2014,
      author = {Manley, Eric D. and Urness, Timothy},
      journal = {Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges},
      month = may,
      number = {5},
      pages = {221-227},
      title = {Video-Based Instruction for Introductory Computer Programming},
      volume = {29},
      year = {2014},
    }
    

13. 

    Low Complexity All-Optical Network Coder Architecture

    Eric D. Manley
    Proceedings: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)
    Date: 2014 Feb | Pages: 1046-1050

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D. (2014). Low Complexity All-Optical Network Coder Architecture. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 1046–1050.

    @inproceedings{manley_icnc2014,
      address = {Honolulu, Hawaii},
      author = {Manley, Eric D.},
      booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)},
      month = feb,
      pages = {1046-1050},
      title = {Low Complexity All-Optical Network Coder Architecture},
      year = {2014},
    }
    

14. 

    Generating Interest in Computer Science Through Middle-School Android Summer Camps

    Timothy Urness, Eric D. Manley
    Journal: Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
    Date: 2013 May | Vol: 28 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 211-217

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Urness, T., & Manley, E. D. (2013). Generating Interest in Computer Science Through Middle-School Android Summer Camps. Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 28(5), 211–217.

    @article{urness_ccsc2013,
      author = {Urness, Timothy and Manley, Eric D.},
      journal = {Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges},
      month = may,
      number = {5},
      pages = {211-217},
      title = {Generating Interest in Computer Science Through Middle-School {Android} Summer Camps},
      volume = {28},
      year = {2013},
    }
    

15. 

    Building a Thriving CS Program in a Small Liberal Arts College

    Timothy Urness, Eric D. Manley
    Journal: Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
    Date: 2011 | Vol: 26 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 268-274

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Urness, T., & Manley, E. D. (2011). Building a Thriving CS Program in a Small Liberal Arts College. Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 26(5), 268–274.

    @article{urness_ccsc2011,
      author = {Urness, Timothy and Manley, Eric D.},
      journal = {Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges},
      number = {5},
      pages = {268-274},
      title = {Building a Thriving {CS} Program in a Small Liberal Arts College},
      volume = {26},
      year = {2011},
    }
    

16. 

    Design of an All-Optical WDM Lightpath Concentrator

    Shivashis Saha, Eric D. Manley, Jitender S. Deogun
    Proceedings: 22nd IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS)
    Date: 2010 Nov | Pages: 285-288

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Saha, S., Manley, E. D., & Deogun, J. S. (2010). Design of an All-Optical WDM Lightpath Concentrator. 22nd IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS), 285–288.

    @inproceedings{saha_pdcs2010concentrator,
      address = {Marina Del Rey, California},
      author = {Saha, Shivashis and Manley, Eric D. and Deogun, Jitender S.},
      booktitle = {22nd IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS)},
      month = nov,
      pages = {285-288},
      title = {Design of an All-Optical {WDM} Lightpath Concentrator},
      year = {2010},
    }
    

17. 

    Selection of Switching Sites in All-Optical Network Topology Design

    Shivashis Saha, Eric D. Manley, Jitender S. Deogun
    Proceedings: 22nd IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS)
    Date: 2010 Nov | Pages: 278-284

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Saha, S., Manley, E. D., & Deogun, J. S. (2010). Selection of Switching Sites in All-Optical Network Topology Design. 22nd IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS), 278–284.

    @inproceedings{saha_pdcs2010switchingsites,
      address = {Marina Del Rey, California},
      author = {Saha, Shivashis and Manley, Eric D. and Deogun, Jitender S.},
      booktitle = {22nd IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS)},
      month = nov,
      pages = {278-284},
      title = {Selection of Switching Sites in All-Optical Network Topology Design},
      year = {2010},
    }
    

18. 

    All-Optical Network Coding

    Eric D. Manley, Jitender S. Deogun, Lisong Xu, Dennis R. Alexander
    Journal: IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
    Date: 2010 Apr | Vol: 2 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 175-191

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D., Deogun, J. S., Xu, L., & Alexander, D. R. (2010). All-Optical Network Coding. IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2(4), 175–191.

    @article{manley_jocn2010,
      author = {Manley, Eric D. and Deogun, Jitender S. and Xu, Lisong and Alexander, Dennis R.},
      journal = {IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking},
      month = apr,
      number = {4},
      pages = {175-191},
      title = {All-Optical Network Coding},
      volume = {2},
      year = {2010},
    }
    

19. 

    Minimizing Network Cost in All-Optical Networks

    Shivashis Saha, Eric D. Manley, Jitender S. Deogun
    Proceedings: IEEE International Symposium on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS)
    Date: 2009 Dec

    DOI CITATION BIBTEX

    Saha, S., Manley, E. D., & Deogun, J. S. (2009, December). Minimizing Network Cost in All-Optical Networks. IEEE International Symposium on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS).

    @inproceedings{saha_ants2009,
      address = {New Dehli, India},
      author = {Saha, Shivashis and Manley, Eric D. and Deogun, Jitender S.},
      booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS)},
      month = dec,
      title = {Minimizing Network Cost in All-Optical Networks},
      year = {2009},
      doi = {10.1109/ANTS.2009.5409862},
    }
    

20. 

    A Model Academic Ethics and Integrity Policy for Computer Science Departments

    Charles P. Riedesel, Eric D. Manley, Susan Poser, Jitender S. Deogun
    Proceedings: Proceedings of the 40th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)
    Date: 2009 Mar | Pages: 357-361

    DOI CITATION BIBTEX

    Riedesel, C. P., Manley, E. D., Poser, S., & Deogun, J. S. (2009). A Model Academic Ethics and Integrity Policy for Computer Science Departments. Proceedings of the 40th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE), 357–361.

    @inproceedings{manley_sigcse2009,
      address = {Chattanooga, Tennessee},
      author = {Riedesel, Charles P. and Manley, Eric D. and Poser, Susan and Deogun, Jitender S.},
      booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)},
      month = mar,
      pages = {357-361},
      title = {A Model Academic Ethics and Integrity Policy for Computer Science Departments},
      year = {2009},
      doi = {10.1145/1508865.1508994},
    }
    

21. 

    Network Coding for Optical-Layer Multicast

    Eric D. Manley, Jitender S. Deogun, Lisong Xu
    Proceedings: Fifth International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks, and Systems (Broadnets)
    Date: 2008 Sep

    DOI CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D., Deogun, J. S., & Xu, L. (2008, September). Network Coding for Optical-Layer Multicast. Fifth International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks, and Systems (Broadnets).

    @inproceedings{manley_broadnets2008,
      address = {London, UK},
      author = {Manley, Eric D. and Deogun, Jitender S. and Xu, Lisong},
      booktitle = {Fifth International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks, and Systems (Broadnets)},
      month = sep,
      title = {Network Coding for Optical-Layer Multicast},
      year = {2008},
      doi = {10.1109/BROADNETS.2008.4769125},
    }
    

22. 

    On the Bandwidth Efficiency of Pre-Crossconnected Trails

    Eric D. Manley, Haitham S. Hamza, Jitender S. Deogun
    Proceedings: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)
    Date: 2007 Jun | Pages: 2294-2299

    DOI CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D., Hamza, H. S., & Deogun, J. S. (2007). On the Bandwidth Efficiency of Pre-Crossconnected Trails. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2294–2299.

    @inproceedings{manley_icc2007,
      address = {Glasgow, Scotland, UK},
      author = {Manley, Eric D. and Hamza, Haitham S. and Deogun, Jitender S.},
      booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)},
      month = jun,
      pages = {2294-2299},
      title = {On the Bandwidth Efficiency of Pre-Crossconnected Trails},
      year = {2007},
      doi = {10.1109/ICC.2007.385},
    }
    

23. 

    Location Learning for Smart Homes

    Eric D. Manley, Jitender S. Deogun
    Proceedings: 21st IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINA)
    Date: 2007 May | Vol: 2 | Pages: 787-792

    DOI CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D., & Deogun, J. S. (2007). Location Learning for Smart Homes. 21st IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINA), 2, 787–792.

    @inproceedings{manley_aina2007,
      address = {Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada},
      author = {Manley, Eric D. and Deogun, Jitender S.},
      booktitle = {21st IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINA)},
      month = may,
      pages = {787-792},
      title = {Location Learning for Smart Homes},
      volume = {2},
      year = {2007},
      doi = {10.1109/AINAW.2007.223},
    }
    

24. 

    Efficient Use of Protection Bandwidth and Switching Resources in Optical WDM Networks

    Eric D. Manley, Haitham S. Hamza, Jitender S. Deogun
    Journal: The OSA Journal of Optical Networking
    Date: 2007 Apr | Vol: 6 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 349 - 368

    DOI CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D., Hamza, H. S., & Deogun, J. S. (2007). Efficient Use of Protection Bandwidth and Switching Resources in Optical WDM Networks. The OSA Journal of Optical Networking, 6(4), 349–368.

    @article{manley_jon2007,
      author = {Manley, Eric D. and Hamza, Haitham S. and Deogun, Jitender S.},
      journal = {The OSA Journal of Optical Networking},
      month = apr,
      number = {4},
      pages = {349 - 368},
      title = {Efficient Use of Protection Bandwidth and Switching Resources in Optical {WDM} Networks},
      volume = {6},
      year = {2007},
      doi = {10.1364/JON.6.000349},
    }
    

25. 

    Secure and Energy Aware Routing Against Wormholes and Sinkholes in Wireless Sensor Networks

    Huzaifa Al Nahas, Jitender S. Deogun, Eric D. Manley
    Proceedings: First International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (ChinaCOM)
    Date: 2006 Oct

    DOI CITATION BIBTEX

    Nahas, H. A., Deogun, J. S., & Manley, E. D. (2006, October). Secure and Energy Aware Routing Against Wormholes and Sinkholes in Wireless Sensor Networks. First International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (ChinaCOM). Invited Paper.

    @inproceedings{alnahas_chinacom2006,
      address = {Beijing, China},
      author = {Nahas, Huzaifa Al and Deogun, Jitender S. and Manley, Eric D.},
      booktitle = {First International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (ChinaCOM)},
      month = oct,
      note = {Invited Paper},
      title = {Secure and Energy Aware Routing Against Wormholes and Sinkholes in Wireless Sensor Networks},
      year = {2006},
      doi = {10.1109/CHINACOM.2006.344677},
    }
    

26. SPR:Secure-Path Routing in Sensor Networks

    Huzaifa Al Nahas, Jitender S. Deogun, Eric D. Manley
    Proceedings: Third International Conference on Network Sensing Systems (INSS)
    Date: 2006 Jun

    CITATION BIBTEX

    Nahas, H. A., Deogun, J. S., & Manley, E. D. (2006, June). SPR:Secure-Path Routing in Sensor Networks. Third International Conference on Network Sensing Systems (INSS).

    @inproceedings{alnahas_inss2006,
      address = {Chicago, Illinois},
      author = {Nahas, Huzaifa Al and Deogun, Jitender S. and Manley, Eric D.},
      booktitle = {Third International Conference on Network Sensing Systems (INSS)},
      month = jun,
      title = {{SPR}:Secure-Path Routing in Sensor Networks},
      year = {2006},
    }
    

27. 

    Localization and Tracking in Sensor Systems

    Eric D. Manley, Huzaifa Al Nahas, Jitender S. Deogun
    Proceedings: IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (SUTC)
    Date: 2006 Jun | Vol: 2 | Pages: 237 - 242

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D., Nahas, H. A., & Deogun, J. S. (2006). Localization and Tracking in Sensor Systems. IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (SUTC), 2, 237–242.

    @inproceedings{manley_sutc2006,
      address = {Taichung, Taiwan},
      author = {Manley, Eric D. and Nahas, Huzaifa Al and Deogun, Jitender S.},
      booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (SUTC)},
      month = jun,
      pages = {237 - 242},
      title = {Localization and Tracking in Sensor Systems},
      volume = {2},
      year = {2006},
    }
    

28. 

    On Quadratic Solutions of x^4+py^4=z^4

    Eric D. Manley
    Journal: Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics
    Date: 2006 | Vol: 36 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 1027-1031

    PDF CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D. (2006). On Quadratic Solutions of x^4+py^4=z^4. Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics, 36(3), 1027–1031.

    @article{manley_rmjm2006,
      author = {Manley, Eric D.},
      journal = {Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics},
      number = {3},
      pages = {1027-1031},
      title = {On Quadratic Solutions of $x^4+py^4=z^4$},
      volume = {36},
      year = {2006},
    }
    

29. 

    Public-Key Cryptography in Sensor Networks

    Eric D. Manley, Jitender S. Deogun, Huzaifa Al Nahas
    Proceedings: IASTED Wireless Networks and Emerging Technologies
    Date: 2005 Jul

    CITATION BIBTEX

    Manley, E. D., Deogun, J. S., & Nahas, H. A. (2005, July). Public-Key Cryptography in Sensor Networks. IASTED Wireless Networks and Emerging Technologies.

    @inproceedings{manley_wnet2005,
      address = {Banff, Alberta, Canada},
      author = {Manley, Eric D. and Deogun, Jitender S. and Nahas, Huzaifa Al},
      booktitle = {IASTED Wireless Networks and Emerging Technologies},
      month = jul,
      title = {Public-Key Cryptography in Sensor Networks},
      year = {2005},
    }
    

30. Security in Wireless Sensor Networks: Issues and Protocols

    Huzaifa Al Nahas, Jitender S. Deogun, Eric D. Manley
    Proceedings: Computer Science, Software Engineering, Information Technology, e-Business, and Applications (CSITeA)
    Date: 2004 Dec

    CITATION BIBTEX

    Nahas, H. A., Deogun, J. S., & Manley, E. D. (2004, December). Security in Wireless Sensor Networks: Issues and Protocols. Computer Science, Software Engineering, Information Technology, e-Business, and Applications (CSITeA).

    @inproceedings{alnahas_csitea2004,
      address = {Cairo, Egypt},
      author = {Nahas, Huzaifa Al and Deogun, Jitender S. and Manley, Eric D.},
      booktitle = {Computer Science, Software Engineering, Information Technology, e-Business, and Applications (CSITeA)},
      month = dec,
      title = {Security in Wireless Sensor Networks: Issues and Protocols},
      year = {2004},
    }